Haonan Zheng # 1, Qiqin Xu# 1, Dexun Ji1, Boqin Yang1, Xiong Ji2
Nature Communications 2025 Mar 4;16(1):2161.
PMID: 40038320 PMCID: PMC11880454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57513-2
原文链接:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-57513-2
The mechanisms governing the termination and subsequent reinitiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) remain poorly understood. Here we find that depletion of RPB7 leads to the destabilization of Pol II's largest subunit, RPB1. This destabilization is influenced by the loop regions of RPB7, CDK9, the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RPB1, and its linker region. The stabilization process of RPB1 is regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin 3. Additionally, RPB7 interacts with the phosphatase CTDP1, which is crucial for maintaining RPB1 stability. RPB7 is also vital for the reinitiation of Pol II, engages with RNA processing factors, and is localized to the RNA exit channel of the Pol II complex. The absence of RPB7 compromises RNA processing. We propose that RPB7 recruits CTDP1 to dephosphorylate Pol II, enhancing its stability and facilitating efficient reinitiation, adding an emerging dimension to transcriptional regulation.
研究人员结合非标记定量质谱(Label-free MS)分析以及蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)实验,发现RPB7的缺失会导致Pol II 大亚基(RPB1)蛋白水平显著下降。此外,环区缺失的RPB7突变体也无法稳定RPB1,而当使用CDK9激酶抑制剂抑制RPB1的磷酸化水平后,低磷酸化状态的RPB1得以稳定。为了进一步解析这一机制,研究人员借助TurboID邻近标记技术对RPB1的邻近蛋白质组进行定量分析,结果显示RPB7缺失后,磷酸酶CTDP1与RPB1互作水平显著下降。而CTDP1的缺失同样会导致RPB1蛋白水平降低。此外,研究人员还发现,当同时删除RPB1羧基端的Linker和CTD区域后,RPB1的稳定性不再受RPB7和CTDP1调控。
此外,研究人员还发现E3泛素连接酶CUL3的敲除能够挽救RPB7或者CTDP1缺失所导致的高磷酸化RPB1降解。细胞组分分离实验表明,高磷酸化RPB1无法结合染色质,这意味着RPB7和CTDP1在稳定RPB1的同时,促进其重新结合到染色质上。为进一步验证两者在Pol II转录再起始中的作用,研究人员利用转录暂停释放实验(DRB release-Pol II ChIP-seq)发现,RPB7或者CTDP1的缺失均会导致Pol II在转录起始位点的再起始效率下降。此外,RPB7的缺失还会导致低磷酸化Pol II在转录起始位点的结合能力下降,而CTDP1的缺失则无此影响。
进一步的互作蛋白质组数据分析表明,相较于Pol II其他亚基,RPB7与多种RNA加工因子具有更强的相互作用,并且能够影响这些因子与Pol II的互作。通过对RPB7缺失前后的RNA-seq数据进一步深入分析,鉴定出117个转录通读事件。CTDP1缺失同样引发了类似现象。此外,RPB7和CTDP1的缺失还会影响RNA剪接过程,导致外显子比例下降。这些结果一致表明RPB7与新生RNA加工过程密切相关。
综上所述,本研究鉴定到Pol II亚基RPB7的关键互作蛋白——磷酸酶CTDP1,并揭示了RPB7与CTDP1协同调控Pol II蛋白稳定性及其转录再起始过程的分子机制。这一调控过程受到激酶CDK9、E3泛素连接酶Cullin 3、RPB7的环区、RPB1的CTD及其Linker区域的调控。此外,RPB7紧邻Pol II复合物的RNA出口通道,并与RNA加工因子相互作用,参与RNA加工过程的精细调控。这些发现不仅加深了对Pol II在转录终止后如何重新启动新一轮转录过程的理解,也为共转录RNA加工调控研究提供了新的思路。值得注意的是,CTDP1已被证实与多种疾病有关,包括先天性白内障-面部畸形-神经病变综合征。因此,该研究揭示的CTDP1在转录循环中的关键调控功能,将为探索相关疾病的发病机制提供重要线索。
来源:北大生科
职 称:研究员
实验室地址:北京市海淀区颐和园路5号,北京大学,吕志和楼,100871
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